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GSS 1972-2021 Cumulative Datafile


Inequality

smallgapfor a society to be fair, differences in people's standard of living should be s
Text of this Question or Item
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
B. For a society to be fair, differences in people's standards of living should 
be small
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
smallgap
1
strongly agree
2
agree
3
neither agree nor disagree
4
disagree
5
strongly disagree
.d
.i
.n
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
1,470
1987 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,819
-
0
-
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
0
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
0
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
0
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
0
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
0
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
0
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
2,867
2018 9.1
105
25.8
296
29.7
341
29.8
342
5.6
64
-
23
-
1,175
-
2
100.0
2,348
2021 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,032
-
0
-
4,032
COL TOTAL 9.1
105
25.8
296
29.7
341
29.8
342
5.6
64
-
23
-
67,673
-
2
100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.n
govlazythe social benefits from the government make people lazy
Text of this Question or Item
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? D. The social benefits 
from the government make people lazy.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
govlazy
1
strongly agree
2
agree
3
neither agree nor disagree
4
disagree
5
strongly disagree
.d
.i
.n
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
1,470
1987 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,819
-
0
-
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
0
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
0
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
0
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
0
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
0
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
0
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
2,867
2018 14.8
171
36.2
419
21.7
251
19.5
226
7.8
90
-
15
-
1,175
-
1
100.0
2,348
2021 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,032
-
0
-
4,032
COL TOTAL 14.8
171
36.2
419
21.7
251
19.5
226
7.8
90
-
15
-
67,673
-
1
100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.n

Leisure

partlscin past 12 months, r has participated in orgs for sport, culture, leisure
Text of this Question or Item
In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you taken part in the 
activities?
A. Of groups or associations for leisure, sports or culture?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
partlsc
1
once a week or more
2
one to three times a month
3
several times a year
4
once in the past year
5
never
.d
.i
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
1,470
1987 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,819
-
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
2,867
2018 17.1
199
12.9
150
20.5
239
11.8
138
37.7
440
-
7
-
1,175
100.0
2,348
2021 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,032
-
4,032
COL TOTAL 17.1
199
12.9
150
20.5
239
11.8
138
37.7
440
-
7
-
67,673
100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i
partpartin past 12 months, r has participated in orgs for politics or political associat
Text of this Question or Item
In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you taken part in the 
activities? B. Of political parties, political groups or political 
associations?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
partpart
1
once a week or more
2
one to three times a month
3
several times a year
4
once in the past year
5
never
.d
.i
.n
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
1,470
1987 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,819
-
0
-
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
0
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
0
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
0
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
0
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
0
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
0
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
2,867
2018 1.2
14
1.5
17
7.1
82
11.4
133
78.8
917
-
9
-
1,175
-
1
100.0
2,348
2021 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,032
-
0
-
4,032
COL TOTAL 1.2
14
1.5
17
7.1
82
11.4
133
78.8
917
-
9
-
67,673
-
1
100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.n
partvolin past 12 months, r has participated in charitable or religious volunteer orgs
Text of this Question or Item
In the past 12 months, how often, if at all, have you taken part in the 
activities? C. Of charitable or religious organisations that do voluntary work?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
partvol
1
once a week or more
2
one to three times a month
3
several times a year
4
once in the past year
5
never
.d
.i
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
1,470
1987 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,819
-
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
2,867
2018 5.5
64
9.3
108
23.9
279
19.3
225
42.0
489
-
8
-
1,175
100.0
2,348
2021 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,032
-
4,032
COL TOTAL 5.5
64
9.3
108
23.9
279
19.3
225
42.0
489
-
8
-
67,673
100.0
68,846
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i
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