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GSS 1972-2022 Cumulative Datafile - Release 2

MORE NATIONAL ISSUES

Income and Poverty

povliner's hh poverty status
Text of this Question or Item 
1576a. Poverty Status of Household
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 povline
1
poor		 2
poor -- imputed		 3
not poor		 4
not poor -- imputed		 5
borderline		 6
borderline -- imputed		 .i
iap		 .q
not imputable		 .y
not available in this year		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 9.1
145		 2.5
40		 72.4
1,155		 5.1
81		 10.5
168		 .4
6		 -
0		 -
18		 -
0		 100.0
1,613
1973 7.1
106		 2.1
31		 79.0
1,174		 4.6
69		 7.0
104		 .2
3		 -
0		 -
17		 -
0		 100.0
1,504
1974 6.7
99		 2.0
29		 78.6
1,158		 5.6
83		 6.8
100		 .3
5		 -
0		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
1,484
1975 7.2
107		 1.6
24		 80.0
1,185		 3.2
48		 7.9
117		 .1
1		 -
0		 -
8		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 7.6
114		 1.9
28		 77.1
1,151		 4.6
69		 8.4
126		 .3
4		 -
0		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
1,499
1977 5.2
79		 1.9
29		 82.1
1,246		 5.7
86		 4.9
74		 .2
3		 -
0		 -
13		 -
0		 100.0
1,530
1978 9.4
143		 1.2
18		 79.0
1,203		 4.9
75		 5.4
83		 .1
1		 -
0		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
1,532
1980 8.9
130		 .8
12		 80.3
1,169		 5.6
81		 4.3
63		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
13		 -
0		 100.0
1,468
1982 15.6
286		 1.0
18		 71.4
1,310		 7.1
131		 4.7
87		 .2
3		 -
0		 -
25		 -
0		 100.0
1,860
1983 11.7
185		 .6
9		 76.0
1,205		 8.0
127		 3.7
59		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
14		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 12.5
183		 1.0
14		 75.6
1,105		 6.8
99		 4.0
58		 .1
2		 -
0		 -
12		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 11.1
169		 .4
6		 77.8
1,182		 6.6
100		 4.1
63		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
14		 -
0		 100.0
1,534
1986 13.0
190		 .5
7		 75.2
1,096		 7.4
108		 3.7
54		 .1
2		 -
0		 -
13		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 15.1
271		 .6
10		 74.8
1,346		 7.0
126		 2.5
45		 .1
1		 -
0		 -
20		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 11.3
167		 .1
1		 77.4
1,142		 7.5
111		 3.7
55		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 9.3
142		 .3
5		 78.8
1,204		 9.1
139		 2.4
37		 .1
1		 -
0		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 9.8
134		 .1
1		 77.7
1,059		 9.2
125		 3.2
44		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 13.0
196		 .3
4		 74.8
1,125		 8.7
131		 3.1
47		 .1
1		 -
0		 -
13		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 11.8
186		 .2
3		 78.2
1,231		 7.2
113		 2.7
42		 .0
0		 -
0		 -
31		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032
2022 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544
COL TOTAL 10.4
3,032		 1.0
289		 77.1
22,446		 6.5
1,902		 4.9
1,426		 .1
33		 -
7,576		 -
260		 -
35,426		 100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
incdefdistance below poverty line
Text of this Question or Item 
1576b. Income Deficit of Household
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 incdef
1
< -10,000		 2
-10,000 to -5,000		 3
-4,999 to -1,000		 4
-999 to 999		 5
1,000 to 4,999		 6
5,000 to 9,999		 7
10,000 to 20,000		 8
20,001 +		 .i
iap		 .q
not imputable		 .y
not available in this year		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 .0
0		 .4
6		 9.5
139		 11.4
168		 26.4
388		 27.2
400		 20.7
304		 4.3
63		 -
0		 -
145		 -
0		 100.0
1,613
1973 .0
0		 .3
4		 6.4
89		 11.3
156		 23.5
325		 30.2
418		 21.5
298		 6.8
94		 -
0		 -
120		 -
0		 100.0
1,504
1974 .0
0		 .4
5		 6.7
91		 10.9
147		 19.6
265		 29.7
401		 24.1
326		 8.6
116		 -
0		 -
133		 -
0		 100.0
1,484
1975 .0
0		 .2
3		 7.1
100		 11.3
159		 20.6
289		 29.7
417		 21.9
307		 9.1
128		 -
0		 -
87		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 .0
0		 .3
4		 6.7
93		 14.1
196		 18.6
259		 26.3
366		 23.3
323		 10.7
148		 -
0		 -
110		 -
0		 100.0
1,499
1977 .0
0		 .5
7		 4.7
65		 10.6
147		 18.6
258		 23.8
330		 26.6
370		 15.3
212		 -
0		 -
141		 -
0		 100.0
1,530
1978 .1
1		 .2
3		 7.1
101		 10.8
154		 18.9
269		 19.1
272		 28.4
405		 15.5
221		 -
0		 -
106		 -
0		 100.0
1,532
1980 .1
2		 1.1
15		 7.7
105		 7.8
106		 14.0
190		 18.2
247		 26.6
361		 24.3
330		 -
0		 -
112		 -
0		 100.0
1,468
1982 .5
8		 4.1
68		 9.3
156		 9.1
152		 14.3
239		 16.6
277		 20.3
339		 25.9
432		 -
0		 -
189		 -
0		 100.0
1,860
1983 .5
7		 2.3
34		 8.5
123		 6.4
92		 14.9
216		 14.1
204		 20.0
290		 33.3
482		 -
0		 -
151		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 .3
4		 2.7
36		 9.9
132		 6.0
81		 10.6
142		 15.8
211		 23.5
315		 31.2
418		 -
0		 -
134		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 .6
8		 2.6
37		 7.7
109		 7.1
100		 11.2
158		 12.4
175		 21.6
305		 36.7
518		 -
0		 -
124		 -
0		 100.0
1,534
1986 .9
12		 3.1
42		 8.4
112		 6.5
87		 9.9
132		 12.2
163		 21.6
289		 37.4
499		 -
0		 -
134		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 .9
15		 4.3
71		 9.6
159		 4.9
81		 10.4
173		 10.9
181		 19.9
330		 39.0
647		 -
0		 -
162		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 .5
7		 3.8
52		 6.9
93		 5.9
80		 10.4
141		 11.2
152		 20.2
274		 41.1
557		 -
0		 -
125		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 .9
13		 3.3
45		 5.5
76		 4.0
55		 10.1
139		 12.4
170		 19.8
272		 44.0
605		 -
0		 -
162		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 .4
5		 2.6
32		 6.6
81		 5.1
63		 8.6
105		 10.6
130		 21.0
258		 45.0
552		 -
0		 -
146		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 3.1
42		 6.8
92		 8.7
118		 4.6
63		 9.8
133		 10.9
148		 12.9
175		 43.3
588		 -
0		 -
158		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 3.0
43		 7.3
106		 7.4
107		 3.8
55		 9.1
132		 7.4
107		 11.2
163		 51.0
741		 -
0		 -
152		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032
2022 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544
COL TOTAL .6
167		 2.5
662		 7.6
2,049		 8.0
2,142		 14.8
3,953		 17.8
4,769		 21.3
5,704		 27.4
7,351		 -
7,576		 -
2,591		 -
35,426		 100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
realincfamily income in constant $
Text of this Question or Item 
1577. Family income on 1972-2006 surveys in constant dollars 
(base = 1986)
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 218.0000000000000-162607.0000000000000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Decimals: 13
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
realrincr's income in constant $
Text of this Question or Item 
1578. Respondent's income on 1972-2006 surveys in constant 
dollars (base = 1986)
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 218.0000000000000-480144.4728570000152)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Decimals: 13
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
minfourimputed poverty line for family of four
Text of this Question or Item 
1579. People who have incomes below a certain level can be 
considered poor. That level is called the "poverty line." What 
Amount of weekly income would you use as a poverty line for a 
family of four (husband, wife, and two children) in this 
community?
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 25-7,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
minfoodimputed wkly food spending for pov line fam of 4
Text of this Question or Item 
1580. Now more specifically, thinking about that family of four 
at the "poverty line," what would you say that family needs to 
spend each week on food, in this community?
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 10-710)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
minthreeimputed poverty line for family of three
Text of this Question or Item 
1581. And finally, what amount of weekly income would you use as 
a "poverty line" for a family of three, made up of a woman and 
two children, in this community?
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 25-3,700)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z

Welfare Issues

welfare1welfare makes people work less
Text of this Question or Item 
1613. Here are some opinions other people have expressed about 
welfare. For each of the following statements, please tell me 
whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly 
disagree with it. Welfare . . . a. Makes people work less than 
they would if there wasn't a welfare system.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 welfare1
1
strongly agree		 2
agree		 3
disagree		 4
strongly disagree		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
0		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 33.1
481		 51.9
753		 13.2
191		 1.9
27		 -
17		 -
0		 -
1		 100.0
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
0		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
0		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
0		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
0		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
0		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
0		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
4,032
2022 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544		 -
0		 -
3,544
COL TOTAL 33.1
481		 51.9
753		 13.2
191		 1.9
27		 -
17		 -
70,920		 -
1		 100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
welfare2helps people overcome difficult times
Text of this Question or Item 
1613. Here are some opinions other people have expressed about 
welfare. For each of the following statements, please tell me 
whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly 
disagree with it. Welfare . . . b. Helps people get on their 
feet when facing difficult situations such as unemployment, a 
divorce or a death in the family.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 welfare2
1
strongly agree		 2
agree		 3
disagree		 4
strongly disagree		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
0		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 12.6
183		 71.3
1,040		 13.2
193		 2.9
42		 -
10		 -
0		 -
2		 100.0
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
0		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
0		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
0		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
0		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
0		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
0		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
4,032
2022 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544		 -
0		 -
3,544
COL TOTAL 12.6
183		 71.3
1,040		 13.2
193		 2.9
42		 -
10		 -
70,920		 -
2		 100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
welfare3encourages out-of-wedlock children
Text of this Question or Item 
1613. Here are some opinions other people have expressed about 
welfare. For each of the following statements, please tell me 
whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly 
disagree with it. Welfare . . . c. Encourage young women to have 
babies before marriage.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 welfare3
1
strongly agree		 2
agree		 3
disagree		 4
strongly disagree		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
0		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 21.3
305		 40.0
572		 33.9
484		 4.8
68		 -
39		 -
0		 -
2		 100.0
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
0		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
0		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
0		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
0		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
0		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
0		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
4,032
2022 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544		 -
0		 -
3,544
COL TOTAL 21.3
305		 40.0
572		 33.9
484		 4.8
68		 -
39		 -
70,920		 -
2		 100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
welfare4preserves marriages in difficult times
Text of this Question or Item 
1613. Here are some opinions other people have expressed about 
welfare. For each of the following statements, please tell me 
whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly 
disagree with it. Welfare . . . d. Helps keep people's marriage 
together in times of financial problems?
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 welfare4
1
strongly agree		 2
agree		 3
disagree		 4
strongly disagree		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
0		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 4.7
67		 54.3
772		 34.5
491		 6.5
92		 -
47		 -
0		 -
1		 100.0
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
0		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
0		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
0		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
0		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
0		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
0		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
4,032
2022 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544		 -
0		 -
3,544
COL TOTAL 4.7
67		 54.3
772		 34.5
491		 6.5
92		 -
47		 -
70,920		 -
1		 100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
welfare5helps prevent hunger and starvation
Text of this Question or Item 
1613. Here are some opinions other people have expressed about 
welfare. For each of the following statements, please tell me 
whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly 
disagree with it. Welfare . . . e. Helps to prevent hunger and 
starvation.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 welfare5
1
strongly agree		 2
agree		 3
disagree		 4
strongly disagree		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
0		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 15.6
228		 73.3
1,070		 9.3
136		 1.8
26		 -
7		 -
0		 -
3		 100.0
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
0		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
0		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
0		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
0		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
0		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
0		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
4,032
2022 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544		 -
0		 -
3,544
COL TOTAL 15.6
228		 73.3
1,070		 9.3
136		 1.8
26		 -
7		 -
70,920		 -
3		 100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
welfare6discourages pregnant girls from marrying
Text of this Question or Item 
1613. Here are some opinions other people have expressed about 
welfare. For each of the following statements, please tell me 
whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly 
disagree with it. Welfare . . . f. Discourages young women who 
get pregnant from marrying the father of the child.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 welfare6
1
strongly agree		 2
agree		 3
disagree		 4
strongly disagree		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
0		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 13.4
188		 46.7
654		 36.4
509		 3.5
49		 -
67		 -
0		 -
3		 100.0
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,023		 -
0		 -
2,023
2010 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,044		 -
0		 -
2,044
2012 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,974		 -
0		 -
1,974
2014 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,538		 -
0		 -
2,538
2016 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,867		 -
0		 -
2,867
2018 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,348		 -
0		 -
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
0		 -
4,032
2022 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,544		 -
0		 -
3,544
COL TOTAL 13.4
188		 46.7
654		 36.4
509		 3.5
49		 -
67		 -
70,920		 -
3		 100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
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