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GSS 1972-2022 Cumulative Datafile - Release 2


How Much Jobs Should Pay

paylawhow much r thinks lawyer's make
Text of this Question or Item
1254. We would like to know what you think people in these jobs 
actually earn. Please write in how much you think they usually 
earn, each year, before taxes. Many people are not exactly sure 
about this but your best guess will be close enough. This may be 
difficult, but it is very important. So please try. Please write 
in how much they actually earn each year: l. Lawyer
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-1,000,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
paysaleshow much r thinks salesclerks make
Text of this Question or Item
1254. We would like to know what you think people in these jobs 
actually earn. Please write in how much you think they usually 
earn, each year, before taxes. Many people are not exactly sure 
about this but your best guess will be close enough. This may be 
difficult, but it is very important. So please try. Please write 
in how much they actually earn each year: m. Salesclerk in a 
department store
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 300-1,000,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
payfctryhow much r thinks owner of a large factory makes
Text of this Question or Item
1254. We would like to know what you think people in these jobs 
actually earn. Please write in how much you think they usually 
earn, each year, before taxes. Many people are not exactly sure 
about this but your best guess will be close enough. This may be 
difficult, but it is very important. So please try. Please write 
in how much they actually earn each year: n. Owner-manager of a 
large factory
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 300-1,000,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
payownerhow much r thinks shop owner makes
Text of this Question or Item
1254. We would like to know what you think people in these jobs 
actually earn. Please write in how much you think they usually 
earn, each year, before taxes. Many people are not exactly sure 
about this but your best guess will be close enough. This may be 
difficult, but it is very important. So please try. Please write 
in how much they actually earn each year: d. Owner of a small 
shop
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-250,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
payjudgehow much r thinks supreme court justice makes
Text of this Question or Item
1254. We would like to know what you think people in these jobs 
actually earn. Please write in how much you think they usually 
earn, each year, before taxes. Many people are not exactly sure 
about this but your best guess will be close enough. This may be 
difficult, but it is very important. So please try. Please write 
in how much they actually earn each year: o. Supreme Court 
justice
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 520-1,000,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
payrocchow much r thinks workers in own occupation make
Text of this Question or Item
1254. We would like to know what you think people in these jobs 
actually earn. Please write in how much you think they usually 
earn, each year, before taxes. Many people are not exactly sure 
about this but your best guess will be close enough. This may be 
difficult, but it is very important. So please try. Please write 
in how much they actually earn each year: p. People in your 
occupation
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-99,999,997)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givmasonhow much ought mason make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. a. Bricklayer
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-99,999,993)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givdochow much ought doctor make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. b. Doctor in general practice
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 0-99,999,993)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givclerkhow much ought bank clerk make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. c. Bank clerk
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 0-99,999,994)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givownerhow much ought shop owner make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. d. Owner of a small shop
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-99,999,993)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givexechow much ought corporate head make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. e. Chairman of a large national 
corporation
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 0.0-99999994.0)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Decimals: 1
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givskillhow much ought skilled worker make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. f. Skilled worker in a factory
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-99,999,994)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givfarmhow much ought farm worker make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. g. Farm laborer
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-99,999,993)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givsechow much ought secretary make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. h. Secretary
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-99,999,994)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givbushow much ought bus driver make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. i. City bus driver
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-99,999,994)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givunsklhow much ought unskilled worker make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. j. Unskilled worker in a 
factory
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 0-99,999,994)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givcabnthow much ought cabinet member make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. k. A member of the cabinet in 
the federal government
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 0-99,999,994)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z

Economic Inequality and the Role of Government

givlawhow much ought lawyer make
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. l. Lawyer
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 520-1,000,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givsaleshow much ought salesclerk make
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. m. Salesclerk in a department 
store
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 500-1,000,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givfctryhow much ought owner of a large factory makes
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. n. Owner-manager of a large 
factory
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
givfctry
55000
.i
iap
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
1,613
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
1,504
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
1,484
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
1,490
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
1,499
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
1,530
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
1,532
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
1,468
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
1,860
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
1,599
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
1,473
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
1,534
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
1,470
-
1,470
1987 -
0
-
1,819
-
1,819
1988 -
0
-
1,481
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
1,537
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
1,372
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
1,517
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
1,606
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
2,992
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
2,904
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
2,832
-
2,832
2000 100.0
1
-
2,816
100.0
2,817
2002 -
0
-
2,765
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
2,812
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
4,510
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
2,023
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
2,044
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
1,974
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
2,538
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
2,867
-
2,867
2018 -
0
-
2,348
-
2,348
2021 -
0
-
4,032
-
4,032
2022 -
0
-
3,544
-
3,544
COL TOTAL 100.0
1
-
72,389
100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givownerhow much ought shop owner make?
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. d. Owner of a small shop
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1,000-99,999,993)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givjudgehow much ought justice make
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. o. Supreme Court justice
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 1-1,000,000)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
givrocchow much ought worker in own occupation make
Text of this Question or Item
1255. Next, what do you think people in these jobs ought to be 
paid how much do you think they should earn each year before 
taxes, regardless of what they actually get? Please write in how 
much they should earn each year. p. People in your occupation
Total Cases: 72,390 (Range of valid codes: 520-99,999,997)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
incgapincome differentials in usa too big
Text of this Question or Item
1256. Do you agree or disagree: a. Differences in income in 
America are too large.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
incgap
1
strongly agree
2
agree
3
neither agree nor disagree
4
disagree
5
strongly disagree
.d
can't choose
.i
iap
.n
no answer
.s
skipped on web
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
1987 16.4
244
42.7
636
21.7
324
16.1
240
3.1
46
-
50
-
255
-
24
-
0
100.0
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
1996 33.3
464
33.5
467
12.8
178
12.1
169
8.4
117
-
41
-
1,460
-
8
-
0
100.0
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
2000 25.0
297
41.2
489
21.5
255
9.2
109
3.2
38
-
37
-
1,545
-
47
-
0
100.0
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
2008 25.2
259
38.5
395
19.9
204
13.2
135
3.2
33
-
10
-
982
-
5
-
0
100.0
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
2018 30.5
349
33.2
379
23.3
266
10.3
118
2.7
31
-
29
-
1,175
-
1
-
0
100.0
2,348
2021 43.5
793
29.9
545
16.5
301
7.1
130
2.9
53
-
41
-
2,029
-
134
-
6
100.0
4,032
2022 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
COL TOTAL 29.8
2,406
36.1
2,911
18.9
1,528
11.2
901
3.9
318
-
208
-
63,893
-
219
-
6
100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
goveqincgovmnt should reduce inc differentials
Text of this Question or Item
1256. Do you agree or disagree: b. t is the responsibility of 
the government to reduce the differences in income between 
people with high incomes and those with low incomes.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
goveqinc
1
strongly agree
2
agree
3
neither agree nor disagree
4
disagree
5
strongly disagree
.d
can't choose
.i
iap
.n
no answer
.s
skipped on web
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
1987 8.5
126
24.3
360
23.4
347
33.0
490
10.8
161
-
49
-
255
-
31
-
0
100.0
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
1993 7.0
103
24.7
364
21.1
311
30.9
456
16.3
240
-
37
-
49
-
46
-
0
100.0
1,606
1994 5.3
68
23.1
298
19.1
246
32.2
415
20.3
262
-
43
-
1,606
-
54
-
0
100.0
2,992
1996 12.1
153
20.5
259
24.4
309
24.0
303
19.0
240
-
42
-
1,572
-
26
-
0
100.0
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
2000 10.1
236
24.1
562
25.4
592
25.5
595
15.0
350
-
77
-
269
-
136
-
0
100.0
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
2008 9.8
101
27.6
283
20.5
210
29.8
306
12.3
126
-
12
-
982
-
3
-
0
100.0
2,023
2010 6.8
93
23.5
322
17.8
244
31.5
432
20.4
279
-
55
-
614
-
5
-
0
100.0
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
2018 9.6
110
23.2
266
23.1
265
31.0
355
13.0
149
-
26
-
1,175
-
2
-
0
100.0
2,348
2021 10.5
190
24.0
434
26.1
471
21.4
387
17.9
324
-
65
-
2,003
-
147
-
11
100.0
4,032
2022 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
COL TOTAL 8.9
1,180
23.9
3,148
22.7
2,995
28.3
3,739
16.2
2,131
-
406
-
58,330
-
450
-
11
100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
govedopgovmnt should help poor attend college
Text of this Question or Item
1256. Do you agree or disagree: c. The government should provide 
more chances for children from poor families to go to college.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
govedop
1
strongly agree
2
agree
3
neither agree nor disagree
4
disagree
5
strongly disagree
.d
can't choose
.i
iap
.n
no answer
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
1,470
1987 26.9
410
51.4
783
11.2
170
8.9
136
1.6
24
-
12
-
255
-
29
100.0
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
0
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
0
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
0
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
0
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
0
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
0
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
2,867
2018 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,348
-
0
-
2,348
2021 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,032
-
0
-
4,032
2022 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
-
0
-
3,544
COL TOTAL 26.9
410
51.4
783
11.2
170
8.9
136
1.6
24
-
12
-
70,826
-
29
100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
govjobsgovmnt should provide jobs
Text of this Question or Item
1256. Do you agree or disagree: d. The government should provide 
a job for everyone who wants one.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
govjobs
1
strongly agree
2
agree
3
neither agree nor disagree
4
disagree
5
strongly disagree
.d
can't choose
.i
iap
.n
no answer
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
1,470
1987 17.0
256
32.5
491
19.4
292
22.9
345
8.3
125
-
23
-
255
-
32
100.0
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
0
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
0
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
0
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
0
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
0
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
0
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
2,867
2018 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,348
-
0
-
2,348
2021 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,032
-
0
-
4,032
2022 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
-
0
-
3,544
COL TOTAL 17.0
256
32.5
491
19.4
292
22.9
345
8.3
125
-
23
-
70,826
-
32
100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
govlessgovmnt should spend less on poor
Text of this Question or Item
1256. Do you agree or disagree: e. The government should spend 
less on benefits for the poor.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
govless
1
strongly agree
2
agree
3
neither agree nor disagree
4
disagree
5
strongly disagree
.d
can't choose
.i
iap
.n
no answer
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
1,470
1987 3.5
52
13.4
201
20.5
306
44.3
663
18.3
274
-
33
-
255
-
35
100.0
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
0
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
0
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
0
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
0
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
0
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
0
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
2,867
2018 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,348
-
0
-
2,348
2021 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,032
-
0
-
4,032
2022 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
-
0
-
3,544
COL TOTAL 3.5
52
13.4
201
20.5
306
44.3
663
18.3
274
-
33
-
70,826
-
35
100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
govunempgovmnt should provide unemp benefits
Text of this Question or Item
1256. Do you agree or disagree: f. The government should provide 
a decent standard of living for the unemployed.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases
govunemp
1
strongly agree
2
agree
3
neither agree nor disagree
4
disagree
5
strongly disagree
.d
can't choose
.i
iap
.n
no answer
.s
skipped on web
ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
-
0
-
0
-
1,613
1973 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
-
0
-
0
-
1,504
1974 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
-
0
-
0
-
1,484
1975 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
-
0
-
0
-
1,490
1976 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
-
0
-
0
-
1,499
1977 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
-
0
-
0
-
1,530
1978 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
-
0
-
0
-
1,532
1980 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
-
0
-
0
-
1,468
1982 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
-
0
-
0
-
1,860
1983 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
-
0
-
0
-
1,599
1984 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
-
0
-
0
-
1,473
1985 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
-
0
-
0
-
1,534
1986 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
-
0
-
0
-
1,470
1987 9.1
136
33.4
500
25.6
383
26.8
400
5.1
76
-
41
-
255
-
28
-
0
100.0
1,819
1988 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
-
0
-
0
-
1,481
1989 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
-
0
-
0
-
1,537
1990 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
-
0
-
0
-
1,372
1991 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
-
0
-
0
-
1,517
1993 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
-
0
-
0
-
1,606
1994 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
-
0
-
0
-
2,992
1996 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
-
0
-
0
-
2,904
1998 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
-
0
-
0
-
2,832
2000 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
-
0
-
0
-
2,817
2002 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
-
0
-
0
-
2,765
2004 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
-
0
-
0
-
2,812
2006 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
-
0
-
0
-
4,510
2008 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
-
0
-
0
-
2,023
2010 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
-
0
-
0
-
2,044
2012 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
-
0
-
0
-
1,974
2014 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
-
0
-
0
-
2,538
2016 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
-
0
-
0
-
2,867
2018 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
2,348
-
0
-
0
-
2,348
2021 16.1
288
28.5
508
25.5
455
20.3
363
9.5
170
-
65
-
2,029
-
136
-
18
100.0
4,032
2022 -
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
-
0
-
0
-
3,544
COL TOTAL 12.9
424
30.7
1,008
25.6
838
23.3
763
7.5
246
-
106
-
68,823
-
164
-
18
100.0
72,390
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.q,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
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